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Risk Assessment Portal

Scenario tree–based Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for cross-border introduction into India

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ICAR–NIVEDI • Disease Informatics Lab

Quantitative
Risk Assessment
Portal

An interactive, web-based tool for scenario tree–based quantitative risk Assessment of cross-border disease introduction into India using Monte Carlo simulation.

Risk Equation
P = P1 × P2 × P3 × P4 × P5 × P6
Product of all pathway node probabilities
Output
Risk P
Method
Monte Carlo
Iterations
10,000+
Understanding Risk

What is Risk?

The likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of consequences of a specified hazard being realized.

Probability

What are the chances an unfavorable event will happen? This component evaluates the likelihood of the hazard materializing along the pathway from source to destination.

Consequences

What will be the outcome if it happens? This considers both the biological impact (disease spread, mortality) and economic consequences of the hazard being introduced.

Framework

Risk Assessment Components

Risk Assessment is a process undertaken to deal with matters posing a potential danger, managed according to standard procedures.

1

Hazard Identification

Identifying the disease agents that pose a risk through cross-border pathways.

What can go wrong?
2

Risk Assessment

Systematic evaluation of the magnitude of the risk considering likelihood and impact.

How likely is it?
3

Risk Management

Identifying, selecting and implementing measures to reduce risk to an acceptable level.

How to reduce it?
4

Risk Communication

Interactive exchange of information on risk between authorities and stakeholders.

OIE Code Art. 2.1.1
OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code

Risk Assessment Steps

R

Release / Entry Assessment

Description of biological pathways through which the hazard could be introduced, and the likelihood of each pathway.

E

Exposure Assessment

Description of biological pathways through which animals would be exposed to the hazard, and the likelihood of each pathway.

C

Consequence Assessment

Description of relationships between exposures to hazards and consequences (biological and economic).

Σ

Risk Estimation

Integration of results from the previous three steps to produce overall measures of risk.

Qualitative vs Quantitative

Both methods are valid in risk Assessment

Qualitative Quantitative
Risk described in wordsRisk estimated numerically
High, medium, low, negligibleNumerical probabilities
Often the first stepMore detailed, time-consuming
Used when data not availableRequires reliable data
Note: This portal implements fully quantitative scenario tree–based QRA with Monte Carlo simulation.
Methodology

Scenario Tree–based QRA

Sequential events modeled as probabilistic nodes in a decision pathway.

P1

Disease at Source

Probability of disease occurrence in the source country from outbreak surveillance data.

P2

Infection Prevalence

Probability of infection prevalence in the host population, modeled using Beta distributions.

P3

Detection at Source

Probability of false-negative detection at the source, based on diagnostic test sensitivity.

P4

Survival / Transit

Probability of the pathogen or infected host surviving during transport to the destination.

P5

Detection at Destination

Probability of failure of detection at the destination via screening and diagnostic methods.

P6

Exposure / Contact

Probability of exposure to susceptible population at the destination, leading to disease introduction.

How It Works

  • Scenario tree models represent sequential events leading to disease introduction
  • Each event is assigned a probability distribution representing uncertainty
  • Overall risk estimated through Monte Carlo simulation (10,000+ iterations)
  • If any node is "No", the pathway terminates as "No Risk"

Output Metrics

  • Mean probability with 95% confidence interval
  • Risk expressed as "1 in N" for decision-makers
  • Uncertainty distribution histogram (log-scale supported)
  • Spearman rank sensitivity Assessment of input parameters
Available Modules

Disease Risk Modules

Choose a disease module from the dashboard to run interactive risk Assessment simulations.

SAT-1 FMD Risk Assessment

Foot-and-Mouth Disease • Kuwait → India

Quantitative risk assessment for SAT-1 FMD serotype introduction through live animal trade from Kuwait to India. Includes 6-node scenario tree with Beta and Uniform distributions.

Open FMD Module →

Cholera Risk Assessment

Bangladesh / China → India

Quantitative risk assessment for cholera introduction into India from Bangladesh and China through human movement. Includes WASH exposure factors and case fatality modeling.

Open Cholera Module →