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ICAR–National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics

रामगोंडनहल्ली, येलहंका, बेंगलुरू – 560 119
Ramagondanahalli, Post Box No: 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru - 560 119
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GIS & Bio-Informatics

Role of GIS in Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Geographic Information Systems have emerged as an innovative, important component of public health and epidemiology. These systems connect geographic locations with features of phenomena such as disease incidence, disease outbreaks, and demographics in place and time. In our Institute, we use R environment, ArcGIS, and EpiInfo for the creation of disease maps, resource maps, and predicted risk maps. Risk maps are valuable for optimal allocation of resources like manpower, material, and funds. They also aid in the development of proactive control measures against infectious diseases.

Satellite-derived environmental variables such as temperature, vegetative index, and humidity, combined with other meteorological factors, enable disease prediction up to two months in advance using ArcGIS and R.

Spatial Analysis and GIS

GIS applications offer powerful tools for addressing veterinary health issues at international, national, and local levels. Spatial analysis capabilities allow users to visualize and assess health data effectively. Spatial relationships, particularly those based on proximity and relative location, form the core of spatial analysis.

Activities

  • Training on GIS using ArcGIS, R, QGIS
  • Disease Mapping
  • GIS Modelling
  • Risk Map Prediction
  • Remote Sensing Data Measurements
  • Grid Creation and Prediction

Role of Bioinformatics in Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

There is significant focus in bioinformatics on translating data from the lab bench into actionable knowledge for public health decisions. This includes the acquisition, integration, and analysis of molecular data to track the origin, spread, and evolution of pathogens, including emerging strains.

Bioinformatics practices are integral to molecular epidemiology and phytogeography. Current early warning systems often fail to promptly detect small or moderate outbreaks, and delays in intervention can lead to exponential increases in outbreak severity. The growing body of pathogen molecular profiles and associated epidemiological data stored in databases is vital. Bioinformatics tools such as pathogen profiling can enable earlier disease detection and tailored interventions.

Activities

  • Phylogenetic / Phylogeographic Analysis
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Homology Modelling
  • Molecular Docking
  • Sequence Similarity and Pattern Analysis
  • Gene Prediction
  • Secondary Structure Prediction

For further details contact - Dr. K. P. Suresh